Air-or liquid-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines



Sept. 6 1955 H. LANG 2,716,969

AIR- OR LIQUID-COOLED CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINESFiled July 19, 1952. 3 Sheets-Sheet l j a II Hi i' I I:

L E I g II I l1 I ll 24 i I L 'i 11 l I INVENTOR- INVENTOR.

Heinrich Long ATTOR E) Sept. 6 1955 H. LANG 2,716,969

AIR- OR LIQUID-COOLED CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINESFiled July 19, 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 F|G.4 I I I n 'i I l' {i i t 31 3 EI I l I!" IE1 /j) 18 19 12 FIG.5 f

I}, I 21 25 HI! i INVENTOR.

Heinrich Lang ATTOR United States Patent M AIR- OR LIQUID-COOLEDCYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Heinrich Lang, Munich,Germany, assignor to Durex,

S. A., Geneva, Switzerland, a corporation of Switzerland ApplicationJuly 19, 1952, Serial No. 299,836 Claims priority, applicationSwitzerland July 25, 1951 Claims. (Cl. 12341.16)

My invention relates to air or liquid-cooled cylinder head for internalcombustion engines and more particularly to such cylinder heads whichinclude a combustion chamber for the injected fuel. 7

It is an object of my invention to provide cylinder heads of that typewhich are highly resistant against heat, which assures a verysatisfactory heat transmission and which are easy to manufacture.

According to my invention I provide the cylinderhead casting with anessentiallycylindrical recess'which registers with the bore of theengine cylinder and which is adapted to receive an insert containing thecombustion chamber and the valve seats. This insert is either pressedinto said recess, or the cylinder head casting is shrunk thereupon, orboth are cast in a compound casting process.

By including the combustion chamber and the valve seats in an insertseparated from the cylinder head casting the cylinder becomesconstructively very much simpler and the distribution of material insidethe casting is made considerably more uniform, so that casting stresseshardly any longer occur. However, should certain stresses still remainthen the same may be safely removed by annealing.

A further advantage obtained from my new construction of the cylinderhead is that the insert comprising the combustion chamber and valveseats can be cast so accurately of a specially suitable grey iron or canbe wrought so accurately of a special steel with good heat resistingproperties that it is possible to dispense with the machining of thecombustion chamber. If the insert is wrought the same may be made ofsteel with low heat conductivity to ensure smaller heat losses to thecooling air or cooling liquid without the risk of producing overheatedplaces in the combustion chamber.

In the case of light metal cylinder heads, there is the furtheradvantage from the construction according to my invention that the hotcombustion gases at high tension no longer come into immediate contactwith the light metal, so that the latter is no longer subjected to theeffect of the gases which are often very aggressive when lower qualityfuels are used.

In order to be able to dispense with the machining of the contactingsurfaces of the insert and the cylinder head and to avoid the danger ofthe flow of heat being unfavourably affected by oil which has penetratedbetween these two surfaces, the insert may be provided according to theinvention in the immediate vicinity of its circumference and around thevalve seat bores with sharp-edged sealing ledges which can either bepressed into the cylinder head casting or in the case of a cast-ironcylinder head and a steel insert be pressed slightly flat to form asealing. In this respect it is also further provided for producing ametallic contact between the surfaces of the insert and the cylinderhead, which now no longer require accurate machining and may even have acertain gap in between. This is achieved by making passages leadingoutward from the surface in the cylinder head casting and filling thesepassages with a certain amount of sodium, and then after bodiment of a2,716,969 Patented Sept. 6,. 1955 filling closing them by means of screwstoppers or the like. When working, this sodium becomes fluidand issucked by capillary action'intothe gap between'the two surfaces and inthis way ensures the flow of heat from the lining to the cylinder head.v 1 t On account of the unavoidable extra weight in the case ofpressed-in inserts, these are suitable in those cases where thedimensions of the engine are not very large as tomake requirements inrespect of lightness. Where. the dimensions of the engine are large andwhere they are higher demand for a smaller engine weight, inserts castaccording to the compound casting system are'more suitable, as these nolonger need to be exactly of the same height in all places, andcan bereduced to a smaller height at the part which does not comprise thecombustion chamber and its walls.

The valve seatings may be arranged partly in the upper wall of thecombustion chamber preferably for the exhaust valve, and partly in the.part of the insert which. does not comprise the combustion chamber andits walls, or else all the valves may bearranged in the part of theinsert which does notcomprise the combustion chamber and its walls.Inthe latter case the injection nozzle or any other additional device,such as. a heater plug may be arranged in the topwall of the combustionchamber. I

The said. and other objects of my invention; will be more fullyunderstood from the following, specification when read with theaccompanying drawings in which several embodiments are illustrated.

5 In the drawing M Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of an tier-headaccording to my invention. I p

- Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of a modified embodiinent thereof.v a} Fig. 3 is across sectionalview taken along line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Big. 4 is a vertical sectional view of an additional emn air-cooledcylinder head according to my invention, and

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view of still another embodiment thereof.

In all figures of the drawing the same reference numbers indicate thesame or like parts. i

As shown in Fig. l the cylinder head casting 11 is provided with coolingfins 11' and contains a cylindrical recess registering with the enginecylinder and adapted to receive an essentially disclike insert 12 madeof cast iron or any other heat resistant metal. This insert 12 includesthe combustion chamber 13 arranged eccentrically to the aXis of theengine cylinder and the upper wall of said combustion chamber isprovided with a valve seat 14 preferably for the exhaust valve whichregulates the passage of the combustion gases through the coaxial ports15 and 16 into the exhaust channel 17 arranged in the head casting 11.One or more seats 18 for inlet valves are arranged in the bottom surfaceof the insert 12 outside the combustion chamber 13, preferably within arecess 19. The air intake channel 21 in the cylinder head passessmoothly into the connecting channel 20 in the insert 12 above the valveopening.

The embodiment shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is essentially identical with theembodiment shown in Fig. 1. However, whereas in the latter the upper orinner surface of the insert 12 contacts fully the bottom surface of therecess in the insert 12, according to Figs. 2 and 3 the said upper orinner surface of the insert 12 is provided with circular sharp-edgedledges 22 which surround said upper or inner surface of the insert 12and each opening of the connecting channel 20, respectively. Thecylinder head 11 is provided with one or more passages 23 into whichsodium may be introduced. Said passages 23 are hermetically closed byscrew stoppers or the like 24. When the engine air-cooled cylinbecomeshot while in operation the sodium is liquified and will be sucked bycapillary action into the closed space between the insert and the bottomof the receiving recess and thus will ensure a very satisfactory heattransmission from the insert 12 to the cylinder head casting 1.

In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 4 the insert 12 and the receivingrecess in the cylinder head casting are conformingly stepped up, theportion of the insert containing the combustion chamber 13 being higherthan the remaining portion.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. all valve seats, i. e. for the inletvalves, are arranged outside the combustion chamber 13 and the latterhas only an opening for an injection nozzle or the like.

While specific embodiments of my invention have been shown and describedin detail to illustrate the application of the principles of myinvention, it will be well understood that the same may be otherwiseembodied without departing from such principles. 1

What I claim as my invention is:

1. Air or liquid cooled head for cylinders of internal combustionengines comprising a cylinder head casting including inlet and exhaustports; an at. least approximately cylindrical recess in said castingsubstantially forming an extension of the cylinder bore; an insert madeof heat resistant metal permanently seated in said recess and filling upthe same at least substantially to the brim thereof; a combustionchamber within said insert communieating with the cylinder bore andarranged eccentrically to the axis thereof; inlet and exhaust ducts insaid insert forming extensions of said inlet and exhaust ports,respectively; and valve seats at the terminal duct openings facing thecylinder bore.

2. Air or liquid cooled head for cylinders of internal combustionengines comprising a cylinder head casting including inlet and exhaustports; an at least approximately cylindrical recess in said castingsubstantially forming an extension of the cylinder bore; an insert madeof heat resistant metal permanently seated in said recess and filling upthe same at least substantially to the brim thereof; a combustionchamber within said insert communicating with the cylinder bore andarranged eccentrically to the axis thereof; inlet and exhaust ducts insaid insert forming extensions of said inlet and exhaust ports,respectively, the exhaust duct terminating at the top of the combustionchamber and at least one inlet duct terminating outside said combustionchamber on the surface of the insert opposite the cylinder bore; andvalve seats at the terminal duct openings facing the cylinder bore.

3. Airor liquid-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines,according to claim 1, wherein the seat for the exhaust valve is arrangedat the top of the combustion chamber and the seat for at least oneintake valve is arranged in the surface of the insert facing thecylinder bore outside of the combustion chamber.

4. Airor liquid-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion engines,according to claim 1, comprising circular sharp edged ledges on theinner surface of the insert contacting the bottom of said recess, saidledges surrounding said inner surface and the inner ends of the ducts,respectively and at least one passage in the cylinder head castingleading into the space bordered by said ledges, and closure means forsaid passage, the latter adapted to receive a sodium filler.

5. Airor liquid-cooled cylinder head for internal combustion enginesaccording to claim 1 wherein said recess and said insert areconformingly stepped up, the portion of the insert containing thecombustion chamber being higher than its remaining portion.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS1,180,983 Daiber et al Apr. 25, 1916 1,756,337 Bocoler Apr. 29, 1930FOREIGN PATENTS 567,828 Germany Jan. 10, 1933 570,623 France May 5, 1924572,261 France June 3, 1924 777,841 France Dec. 5, 1934 807,344 FranceOct. 12, 1936 165,232 Austria Feb. 10, 1950

